Computer simulation of planar bifacial TOPCon solar cells by using Quokka 3 software

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive simulation-based analysis of bifacial Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon) solar cells using the Quokka 3 software. It investigates the impact of different antireflection coatings and rear albedo variations on device performance. One of the main findings is the significant improvement in optical and electrical properties after applying MgF₂ antireflection coating on top of the cell. Structures with the addition of MgF₂ achieved low, uniform reflectance and increased light absorption across the full solar spectrum. Compared to structures without MgF₂, those with the coating exhibited superior external quantum efficiency (EQE) and reduced reflected photocurrent density (J_R) with the value of 3.38 mA/cm². Additionally, simulations revealed that increasing rear albedo values improved shortcircuit current density (J_sc) and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The highest PCE of 27.37% and J_sc of
45.07 mA/cm² was obtained from a structure combining MgF₂ and a rear albedo of 0.3 Voc in this case was equal to 0.74V. These results confirm that optimizing both antireflection coatings and rear-side illumination can significantly improve the efficiency of bifacial TOPCon solar cells, offering a viable pathway for enhanced photovoltaic (PV) performance.